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It contains 22 of the 28 unique species in the world and found in Sinai, such as: Qaisum, Zaatar, Ajram, and Sukran. It contains some wells of historical importance, including: Musa's well, Zaytuna well, with a depth of 38 meters, and Haroun's well, with a depth of about 2 km. It includes the highest peaks of Egypt's mountains, such as: Mount Catherine, whose summit is 2,642 meters above sea level, Musa, and Umm Shomar.

It is St. Catherine's Reserve, which was declared as a nature reserve in 1988, and classified as a world natural and cultural heritage reserve. It is located on a high plateau in southern Sinai, with an area of about 4250 square kilometers. It was characterized by the height of its valleys, the beauty and splendor of its mountainous landscape, as well as oases around water springs and wells.

Its archaeological heritage is represented in the presence of a large number of churches and monasteries, such as: St. Catherine's Monastery, as well as monuments from the Byzantine, Pharaonic and later eras. And for the plant and animal life, it contains about 30 species of rare reptiles, about 472 rare plant species, and 19 species of endemic plants. And for wildlife, there are Egyptian deer, hyena, spiny mouse, as well as 27 species of reptiles, such as: snake, lizard, and others.