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It includes layers of limestone, and is part of the formation of the Yucatan plateau, which can be traced back to the Fourth Dynasty (2649 - 2513) BC. It is located about 15 miles southwest of modern Cairo. It is the "Giza Plateau".

One of the most famous tourist sites since ancient times. It houses the tombs of the kings of the Fourth Dynasty, represented by the pyramids of "Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure", in addition to the famous Sphinx statue. These pyramids are surrounded by other monuments, as each pyramid has a hierarchical group consisting of two temples, as well as the pyramids of the queens "Hetepehares", "Merit Ait As", "Henut Sen", and the pyramid that was discovered southeast of the Great Pyramid, which is the ritual pyramid which was dedicated to the creed of the king. In addition, on the eastern side of the Great Pyramid, a huge cemetery was dedicated to the tombs of members of the royal family, while the cemetery on the western side was dedicated to the burial of senior statesmen.